Q1 — Probability under Uniform Distribution(均匀分布下的概率计算)

Question (EN): A machine produces steel rods whose lengths follow a uniform distribution between and cm.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected rod is shorter than cm.
b) Find the probability that a rod is between and cm.
c) Compute the expected value and variance of rod length.


Q2 — Z-Score and Standard Normal Probability(标准正态概率计算)

Question (EN): The weights of apples are normally distributed with mean g and standard deviation g.
a) Find the probability that an apple weighs less than 135 g.
b) Find the probability that an apple weighs between 135 g and 165 g.
c) What is the weight corresponding to the 90th percentile?


Q3 — Empirical Rule and Process Control(经验法则与过程控制)

Question (EN): A factory produces bearings with diameters approximately normal: mm, mm.
According to the empirical rule, determine:
a) The range covering 68% of bearings.
b) The range covering 95% of bearings.
c) If only diameters between mm and mm are acceptable, what percentage of products are defective?

Q4 — Probability and Expected Value in Continuous Distribution(连续分布中的概率与期望)

Question (EN): A random variable follows a continuous distribution with probability density function
for , and otherwise.
a) Verify that is a valid probability density function.
b) Find .
c) Compute the expected value and variance .


Q5 — Quality Control and Defect Probability(质量控制与不合格率)

Question (EN): A manufacturing process produces screws whose diameters are normally distributed with mm and mm.
Specifications require diameters between mm and mm.
a) What proportion of screws meet the specification?
b) If the process mean shifts to mm, what proportion now meet the specification?
c) Compare and interpret the process capability change.


Q6 — Investment Simulation Using Uniform Distribution(均匀分布模拟投资收益)

Question (EN): An investor assumes the annual return of a portfolio is uniformly distributed between and .
a) Compute the probability that the return exceeds .
b) Find the expected annual return and standard deviation.
c) If the investor repeats this investment 5 years independently, find the probability that average return exceeds (use CLT).