| English (英文) | Chinese (中文) | Category (类别) |
|---|
| Hypothesis testing | 假设检验 | Hypothesis Testing |
| Null hypothesis (H₀) | 原假设 | Hypothesis Testing |
| Alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) | 备择假设 | Hypothesis Testing |
| Population parameter | 总体参数 | Hypothesis Testing |
| Sample statistic | 样本统计量 | Hypothesis Testing |
| Hypothesized value (μ₀) | 假设值（μ₀） | Hypothesis Testing |
| One-tailed test | 单尾检验 | Test Type |
| Two-tailed test | 双尾检验 | Test Type |
| Upper-tail test | 右尾检验 / 上尾检验 | Test Type |
| Lower-tail test | 左尾检验 / 下尾检验 | Test Type |
| Significance level (α) | 显著性水平（α） | Significance & p-value |
| Level of significance | 显著性水平 | Significance & p-value |
| Type I error | 第一类错误 | Errors |
| Type II error | 第二类错误 | Errors |
| Error probability (β) | 错误概率 β（通常指第二类） | Errors |
| Evidence against H₀ | 反对原假设的证据 | Interpretation |
| Sampling distribution | 抽样分布 | Sampling & z-test |
| Standard normal distribution | 标准正态分布 | Sampling & z-test |
| Test statistic | 检验统计量 | Sampling & z-test |
| z-score | z 分数 | Sampling & z-test |
| z-value | z 值 | Sampling & z-test |
| Critical value (z-critical) | 临界值（z 临界值） | Sampling & z-test |
| Rejection region | 拒绝域 | Decision Rule |
| Non-rejection region | 不拒绝域 / 接受域 | Decision Rule |
| p-value | p 值 | Significance & p-value |
| Tail probability | 尾部概率 | Significance & p-value |
| Very strong evidence | 非常强的证据 | Interpretation |
| Strong evidence | 强证据 | Interpretation |
| Acceptable evidence | 可接受的证据 | Interpretation |
| Insufficient evidence | 证据不足 | Interpretation |
| Random sample | 随机样本 | Sampling |
| Simple random sample | 简单随机样本 | Sampling |
| Bias | 偏差 | Sampling |
| Confidence interval (CI) | 置信区间 | Confidence Interval |
| Margin of error | 误差界 / 误差限 | Confidence Interval |
| Contain μ₀ | 包含 μ₀ | Confidence Interval |
| Not contain μ₀ | 不包含 μ₀ | Confidence Interval |
| Target mean / goal | 目标均值 / 目标水平 | Applications |
| Reject H₀ | 拒绝原假设 | Decision |
| Fail to reject H₀ | 不拒绝原假设 | Decision |