Slide 1 — Introduction to Impairment (第1页——减值测试导论)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Purpose of impairment test(减值测试的目的)
  2. Recoverable amount definition(可收回金额的定义)
  3. Impairment recognition rule(减值确认规则)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Purpose of impairment test(减值测试的目的)

Explanation(解释)
Impairment testing ensures that an asset’s carrying amount does not exceed its recoverable amount.
减值测试的目的在于确保资产的账面价值不超过其可收回金额。

Example(例子)
If an asset recorded at 200,000 can only generate 140,000 of future economic benefits, impairment must be considered.
例如,一个账面价值为200,000的资产若未来经济利益只能带来140,000,则需考虑减值。

Extension(拓展)
This principle prevents overstated assets on the balance sheet and protects faithful representation.
该原则避免资产在资产负债表中被高估,有助于提高会计信息的真实性。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Recoverable amount(可收回金额)

Explanation(解释)
Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s value in use or fair value less costs to sell.
可收回金额为资产“使用价值”和“公允价值减去处置成本”两者中的较高者。

Example(例子)
If value in use = 120,000 and fair value less cost to sell = 100,000, recoverable amount = 120,000.
若使用价值为120,000,而可出售净额为100,000,则可收回金额为120,000。

Extension(拓展)
Different industries rely more on either disposal value (e.g., real estate) or value in use (e.g., manufacturing).
不同行业可能更多依赖处置价值(如房地产)或使用价值(如制造业)。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Impairment recognition(减值确认)

Explanation(解释)
If carrying amount > recoverable amount, the asset is impaired and an impairment loss must be recognized.
若账面价值大于可收回金额,资产发生减值,必须确认减值损失。

Example(例子)
Carrying amount = 200,000; recoverable amount = 150,000 → impairment loss = 50,000.
账面价值200,000;可收回金额150,000 → 减值损失为50,000。

Extension(拓展)
Impairment affects both the balance sheet (reducing asset value) and income statement (increasing expense).
减值同时影响资产负债表(减少资产)与利润表(增加费用)。


Summary(总结)
Impairment ensures assets are not overstated by comparing carrying amount with recoverable amount.
减值测试通过比较账面价值与可收回金额来确保资产未被高估。


Slide 2 — Identifying an Impairment Loss (第2页——识别资产减值)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Annual assessment requirement(年度评估要求)
  2. Impairment indication assessment(减值迹象的判断)
  3. Full impairment test trigger(何时需进行完整减值测试)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Annual assessment requirement(年度评估要求)

Explanation(解释)
Entities must assess at the end of each reporting period whether indications of impairment exist.
企业必须在每个报告期末评估是否存在减值迹象。

Example(例子)
A company reviews its machinery annually to check if economic conditions suggest impairment.
公司每年检查其机器设备,判断经济状况是否暗示减值。

Extension(拓展)
This prevents delays in recognizing economic losses.
此要求确保经济损失不会被延迟确认。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Impairment indication(减值迹象)

Explanation(解释)
Only when an indication exists does the entity need to perform a full impairment test.
只有在存在减值迹象时,企业才需要进行完整的减值测试。

Example(例子)
If sales decline drastically, management must check whether assets still generate expected benefits.
若销售大幅下降,管理层需判断资产是否还能产生预期利益。

Extension(拓展)
This reduces unnecessary calculations and focuses effort where risk is higher.
该机制减少不必要的测试,将工作聚焦于高风险资产。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — No indication = no test(无迹象则无需测试)

Explanation(解释)
If no indication exists, assets are assumed not impaired.
若没有迹象,资产默认未发生减值。

Example(例子)
A stable factory with strong consistent performance usually requires no impairment test.
表现稳定的工厂无需执行减值测试。

Extension(拓展)
This aligns with cost-benefit considerations of accounting.
此做法符合会计的成本效益原则。


Summary(总结)
Impairment testing is triggered only when signs of impairment appear at period-end.
减值测试只有在期末出现迹象时才需要进行。


Slide 3 — Indicators for Impairment Loss (第3页——减值迹象指标)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. External indicators(外部迹象)
  2. Internal indicators(内部迹象)
  3. Market and operational triggers(市场与运营触发因素)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — External indicators(外部迹象)

Explanation(解释)
External information may indicate that an asset has declined in value.
外部信息可能显示资产价值下降。

Example(例子)
Market value drop, interest rate changes, or adverse market environment.
市场价值下跌、利率变化或市场环境恶化。

Extension(拓展)
External indicators often reflect broader economic conditions.
外部迹象通常反映宏观经济变化。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Internal indicators(内部迹象)

Explanation(解释)
Internal events can signal impairment such as physical damage or obsolescence.
内部事件如实物损坏、技术过时可能表明减值。

Example(例子)
A machine breaks down permanently or becomes outdated due to new technology.
机器永久损坏或因新技术而过时。

Extension(拓展)
Internal issues usually directly affect asset productivity.
内部问题通常直接影响资产生产能力。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Operational performance(经营表现)

Explanation(解释)
Declining economic performance of an asset is a clear sign of impairment risk.
资产经营表现恶化是重要减值信号。

Example(例子)
Revenue drops or higher-than-expected costs indicate reduced future benefits.
收入下降或成本异常增加意味着未来利益降低。

Extension(拓展)
Performance metrics are often the earliest measurable indicators.
经营指标往往是最早可量化的迹象。


Summary(总结)
Impairment indicators arise from both external market changes and internal operational issues.
减值迹象可能来自外部市场变化或内部经营问题。


Slide 4 — Impairment Test on Specific Items (第4页——特定项目的减值测试)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Annual mandatory impairment tests(年度强制减值测试)
  2. Indefinite-life intangible assets(使用年限不确定的无形资产)
  3. Assets not yet available for use & Goodwill(尚未可使用资产与商誉)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Annual mandatory tests(年度强制测试)

Explanation(解释)
Some intangible assets must be tested annually regardless of impairment indications.
部分无形资产必须每年进行减值测试,即使没有减值迹象。

Example(例子)
Goodwill or indefinite-life trademarks.
商誉或无限期商标。

Extension(拓展)
These assets are harder to measure and lack predictable useful lives.
此类资产难以计量且缺乏明确使用年限。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Indefinite useful life assets(无限使用年限资产)

Explanation(解释)
These assets do not have predictable end dates, thus require regular scrutiny.
由于无明确终止日期,需定期审查。

Example(例子)
Perpetual franchise rights.
永久特许经营权。

Extension(拓展)
Impairment helps prevent overvaluation of such subjective-value assets.
减值可避免此类主观价值资产被高估。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Not-yet-available-for-use assets & goodwill(尚未可使用资产与商誉)

Explanation(解释)
Assets still under development and goodwill must undergo annual testing.
开发中资产和商誉都需执行年度减值测试。

Example(例子)
R&D project still in progress (“work-in-progress”).
开发中的研发项目(在建项目)。

Extension(拓展)
Goodwill is particularly sensitive because it does not generate cash flows independently.
商誉不独立产生现金流,因此减值风险更高。


Summary(总结)
Certain intangible assets—especially indefinite-life items and goodwill—require mandatory annual impairment tests.
部分无形资产(如无限期资产和商誉)必须每年进行减值测试。


Slide 5 — Measurement of Recoverable Amount (第5页——可收回金额的计量)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Recoverable amount components(可收回金额的组成)
  2. Fair value less costs of disposal (FVLCD)(公允价值减去处置成本)
  3. Value in use (VIU)(使用价值)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Recoverable amount components(可收回金额的组成)

Explanation(解释)
Recoverable amount = the higher of FVLC D and VIU.
可收回金额为“公允价值减去处置成本”和“使用价值”两者之中较高者。

Example(例子)
FVLCD = 90,000; VIU = 110,000 → recoverable amount = 110,000.
FVLCD = 90,000;VIU = 110,000 → 可收回金额为110,000。

Extension(拓展)
The two approaches reflect alternative ways of realizing economic benefits (selling vs. using).
这两种方式代表企业实现经济利益的不同途径(出售 vs 使用)。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — FVLC D(公允价值减去处置成本)

Explanation(解释)
Fair value = price received to sell an asset in an orderly market transaction.
处置成本必须是与处置直接相关的支出(如法律费、移除费)。
公允价值指在有效市场中出售资产可收到的金额;处置成本为直接相关成本。

Example(例子)
Fair value = 120,000; disposal costs = 10,000 → FVLC D = 110,000。
公允价值120,000;处置成本10,000 → FVLCD = 110,000。

Extension(拓展)
FVLCD relies heavily on market activity; if markets are inactive, estimation becomes difficult.
FVLCD依赖市场活跃度;若市场缺乏报价,则估计难度增加。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — VIU(使用价值)

Explanation(解释)
VIU = present value of future cash flows expected from using the asset.
使用价值是未来现金流量的现值。

Example(例子)
Expected annual cash flows discounted to present value = 95,000 → VIU = 95,000。
未来现金流量折现后为95,000 → VIU = 95,000。

Extension(拓展)
VIU involves judgment (cash flows, discount rates, useful life), introducing subjectivity.
VIU涉及预测与折现率判断,因此更具主观性。


Summary(总结)
Recoverable amount取FVLCD与VIU中较高的值,用于判断资产是否减值。
The recoverable amount is the higher of FVLCD and VIU.


Slide 6 — Choosing Between FVLC D and VIU (第6页——FVLC D与VIU的选择)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Decision logic:sell vs. use(出售或继续使用的决策逻辑)
  2. When FVLC D > VIU(FVLCD高于VIU)
  3. When FVLC D cannot be determined(无法确定FVLCD时)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Decision logic(决策逻辑)

Explanation(解释)
Recoverable amount reflects the better economic option: selling or using.
可收回金额反映出售或使用资产中经济上更优的选择。

Example(例子)
If selling yields 120,000 but using only yields 90,000, selling brings more benefit.
若出售可得120,000,但继续使用只能带来90,000,则出售更有利。

Extension(拓展)
Managers rely on this measure to avoid suboptimal decisions.
管理层利用此指标避免错误决策。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — FVLC D > VIU(FVLCD高于VIU)

Explanation(解释)
If FVLC D > VIU → rational to sell.
当FVLCD > VIU时 → 企业会选择出售资产。

Example(例子)
FVLC D = 100,000; VIU = 70,000 → selling is better.
FVLCD = 100,000;VIU = 70,000 → 出售更有利。

Extension(拓展)
Market-value-driven assets often fall in this category.
市场价值驱动的资产常可能被出售。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — FVLC D cannot be determined(无法确定FVLCD)

Explanation(解释)
If no active market exists or FVLC D cannot be reliably measured, VIU is used alone.
若缺乏活跃市场或无法可靠确定FVLCD,可收回金额采用VIU。

Example(例子)
A unique machine with no second-hand market → FVLCD unavailable → use VIU.
独特设备没有二手市场 → FVLCD无法估计 → 使用VIU作为可收回金额。

Extension(拓展)
Intangible assets often rely more on VIU.
无形资产更常依赖VIU进行计量。


Summary(总结)
若FVLCD无法确定则用VIU;若FVLCD更高则出售更优。
Use FVLCD when reliable; otherwise rely on VIU.


Slide 7 — Impairment Test Logic (第7页——减值测试判断逻辑)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Compare carrying amount vs. recoverable amount(账面价值与可收回金额比较)
  2. No impairment condition(未减值情形)
  3. Impairment condition(发生减值情形)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Comparison basis(比较基础)

Explanation(解释)
Impairment occurs when carrying amount > recoverable amount.
当账面价值大于可收回金额时发生减值。

Example(例子)
Carrying amount = 150,000; recoverable amount = 120,000 → impaired.
账面价值150,000;可收回金额120,000 → 发生减值。

Extension(拓展)
This ensures assets are not overstated in the balance sheet.
此判断确保资产负债表中资产不被高估。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — No impairment(未减值)

Explanation(解释)
If carrying amount < recoverable amount, the asset remains unimpaired.
账面价值小于可收回金额 → 没有减值。

Example(例子)
Carrying amount = 100,000; recoverable amount = 130,000 → no impairment.
账面价值100,000;可收回金额130,000 → 未减值。

Extension(拓展)
The asset continues to be used and depreciated as normal.
资产继续使用并正常计提折旧/摊销。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Impairment exists(发生减值)

Explanation(解释)
If carrying amount > recoverable amount, the excess = impairment loss.
当账面价值超过可收回金额时,差额即为减值损失。

Example(例子)
150,000 – 120,000 = 30,000 impairment loss.
150,000 – 120,000 = 30,000减值损失。

Extension(拓展)
Impairment reduces asset value and increases loss in income statement.
减值将减少资产价值,并在利润表中确认损失。


Summary(总结)
账面价值>可收回金额 → 减值;账面价值≤可收回金额 → 不减值。
Impairment arises only when carrying amount exceeds recoverable amount.


Slide 8 — Determining New Carrying Amount (第8页——确定新的账面价值)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. New carrying amount after impairment(减值后的账面价值)
  2. Recoverable amount as the write-down target(以可收回金额为减记目标)
  3. Impairment loss calculation(减值损失的计算)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — New carrying amount(减值后的账面价值)

Explanation(解释)
New carrying amount = the lower of current carrying amount and recoverable amount.
新的账面价值=当前账面价值与可收回金额中较低者。

Example(例子)
Current carrying amount = 200,000; recoverable amount = 150,000 → new carrying amount = 150,000。
当前账面价值200,000;可收回金额150,000 → 新账面价值150,000。

Extension(拓展)
This ensures assets reflect economic reality after impairment.
此过程确保减值后资产反映真实价值。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Write-down target(减记目标)

Explanation(解释)
Assets must be written down exactly to the recoverable amount.
资产必须被减记至可收回金额。

Example(例子)
Write-down from 200,000 to 150,000.
从200,000减记到150,000。

Extension(拓展)
This limit prevents excessive or arbitrary value reductions.
此规则避免过度减值。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Impairment loss(减值损失)

Explanation(解释)
Impairment loss = carrying amount – recoverable amount.
减值损失=账面价值−可收回金额。

Example(例子)
200,000 – 150,000 = 50,000 impairment loss。
200,000 – 150,000 = 50,000减值损失。

Extension(拓展)
Impairment affects depreciation in future periods because the asset’s base changes.
减值后资产价值降低,会影响未来的折旧计算。


Summary(总结)
减值后的账面价值取两者较低;差额为减值损失。
New carrying amount equals recoverable amount when impairment occurs.


Slide 9 — Example 1: Impairment Test Calculation (第9页——示例1:减值测试计算)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Carrying amount before impairment(减值前账面价值计算)
  2. Recoverable amount(可收回金额计算)
  3. Impairment loss recognition(减值损失确认)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Carrying amount before impairment(减值前账面价值)

Explanation(解释)
Carrying amount = Cost − Accumulated depreciation.
账面价值 = 成本 − 累计折旧。

Example(例子)
Machine Beta cost = 100,000
Accumulated depreciation = 55,000
Carrying amount = 45,000
设备Beta成本100,000
累计折旧55,000
账面价值45,000

Extension(拓展)
Different depreciation rates cause different carrying amounts even for similar machines.
不同折旧率导致类似设备账面价值不同。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Recoverable amount(可收回金额)

Explanation(解释)
Recoverable amount = higher of FVLCD and VIU.
可收回金额 = 公允价值减处置成本 与 使用价值 中较高者。

Example(例子)
Beta: FVLCD = 40,000; VIU = 42,000 → RA = 42,000
Delta: FVLCD = 70,000; VIU = 65,000 → RA = 70,000

Extension(拓展)
If markets are active, FVLCD tends to dominate; if not, VIU commonly applies.
若市场活跃通常采用FVLCD;否则更依赖VIU。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Impairment loss recognition(减值损失)

Explanation(解释)
Impairment exists if carrying amount > recoverable amount.
当账面价值 > 可收回金额时发生减值。

Example(例子)
Beta impairment = 45,000 − 42,000 = 3,000
Delta: no impairment.

Extension(拓展)
Impairment is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
减值损失立即计入损益表。


Summary(总结)
Example 1 demonstrates how to compare carrying amount and recoverable amount to identify impairment.
示例1展示如何比较账面价值与可收回金额判断是否减值。


Slide 10 — Recognition and Measurement of Impairment Loss(第10页——减值损失的确认与计量)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Impairment recorded in profit or loss(减值计入损益)
  2. Journal entry for impairment(减值会计分录)
  3. Effect on financial statements(对财务报表的影响)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Impairment to profit or loss(计入损益)

Explanation(解释)
Impairment loss is an expense in the income statement.
减值损失作为费用计入利润表。

Example(例子)
Land carrying amount: 2,000,000
Recoverable amount: 1,000,000
Loss = 1,000,000

Extension(拓展)
Impairments reduce profit but not cash flows.
减值减少利润但不影响现金流。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Journal entry(减值分录)

Explanation(解释)
Debit impairment loss and credit accumulated impairment loss.
借记减值损失,贷记累计减值。

Example(例子)
Dr Impairment loss 1,000,000
Cr Accumulated impairment loss 1,000,000

Extension(拓展)
Accumulated impairment is a contra-asset similar to accumulated depreciation.
累计减值类似于累计折旧,是资产的备抵账户。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Financial statement impact(财务报表影响)

Explanation(解释)
Assets reduce to recoverable amount; equity decreases through retained earnings.
资产被减记至可收回金额;所有者权益减少。

Example(例子)
Land new carrying amount = 1,000,000
土地新的账面价值为1,000,000。

Extension(拓展)
Impairment reduces future depreciation as the asset base is lower.
减值使资产价值降低,从而降低未来折旧额。


Summary(总结)
Impairment is recognized in P/L and reduces the asset to its recoverable amount.
减值计入损益,并将资产减记至可收回金额。


Slide 11 — Depreciation After Impairment(第11页——减值后的折旧处理)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Revised carrying amount(修正后的账面价值)
  2. Remaining useful life(剩余使用年限)
  3. New depreciation base(新的折旧基础)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Revised carrying amount(修正后的账面价值)

Explanation(解释)
After impairment, all depreciation is based on the revised carrying amount.
减值确认后折旧基数为减值后的账面价值。

Example(例子)
Carrying amount after impairment = 144,000
减值后账面价值 = 144,000。

Extension(拓展)
New depreciation ensures assets are not overstated in future periods.
新的折旧方式避免未来资产高估。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Remaining useful life(剩余使用年限)

Explanation(解释)
Remaining life = Original life − used years.
剩余年限 = 原使用年限 − 已使用年限。

Example(例子)
7-year machine, used 1 year → remaining = 6 years.
7年寿命机器,已使用1年 → 剩余6年。

Extension(拓展)
Useful life does not change due to impairment unless technical or economic conditions change.
除非技术或经济情况变化,否则使用寿命不会因减值而改变。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — New depreciation base(新的折旧基数)

Explanation(解释)
New annual depreciation = revised carrying amount ÷ remaining life.
新的年折旧额 = 修正后账面价值 ÷ 剩余寿命。

Example(例子)
144,000 / 6 = 24,000 per year.
144,000 / 6 = 每年折旧24,000。

Extension(拓展)
This reduces annual depreciation versus pre-impairment figures.
新的折旧通常低于减值前金额。


Summary(总结)
减值后折旧基于新账面价值,按剩余寿命系统计算。
Depreciation after impairment uses the new carrying amount.


Slide 12 — Example 2: Impairment Journal Entries(第12页——示例2:减值会计分录)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Depreciation for 2018(2018折旧)
  2. Impairment calculation(减值金额计算)
  3. Journal entries for 2018 and 2019(2018–2019会计分录)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — 2018 depreciation(2018折旧)

Explanation(解释)
Straight-line depreciation = Cost ÷ useful life.
直线折旧法 = 成本 ÷ 使用年限。

Example(例子)
210,000 ÷ 7 = 30,000 per year
210,000 ÷ 7 = 每年折旧30,000。

Extension(拓展)
Depreciation is recorded before impairment testing.
折旧需先确认,再进行减值测试。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Impairment calculation(减值金额计算)

Explanation(解释)
Impairment = carrying amount − recoverable amount.
减值损失 = 账面价值 − 可收回金额。

Example(例子)
Carrying amount at 31 Dec 2018 = 210,000 − 30,000 = 180,000
Recoverable amount = 144,000
Loss = 36,000

Extension(拓展)
Impairment reduces the carrying amount for future depreciation.
减值减少未来折旧基数。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Journal entries(会计分录)

Explanation(解释)
Record depreciation, then record impairment.
先记录折旧,再记录减值损失。

Example(例子)
2018 entries
Dr Depreciation expense 30,000
Cr Accumulated depreciation 30,000

Dr Impairment loss 36,000
Cr Accumulated impairment loss 36,000

2019 depreciation
New carrying amount = 144,000
Remaining life = 6 years
Annual depreciation = 24,000
Dr Depreciation expense 24,000
Cr Accumulated depreciation 24,000

Extension(拓展)
Accumulated impairment does not reverse under cost model unless reversal is permitted by standard.
在成本模式下,累计减值通常不会转回(除非准则允许)。


Summary(总结)
Example 2 shows the full cycle: depreciation → impairment → revised depreciation.
示例2展示完整流程:折旧 → 减值 → 修正折旧。


Slide 13 — Example 2: Journal Entries(第13页——示例2:会计分录)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Acquisition entry for machine(购入机器的分录)
  2. Depreciation entry for 2018(2018年的折旧分录)
  3. Link between entries and carrying amount(分录与账面价值的联系)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Acquisition entry(购入机器)

Explanation(解释)
When the machine is purchased for cash, debit the machine account and credit cash.
购入机器支付现金时,借记“机器”,贷记“现金”。

Example(例子)
1 Jan 2018 Acquire machine for 210,000
Dr Machine 210,000
Cr Cash 210,000

Extension(拓展)
This establishes the initial cost basis that will later be depreciated and tested for impairment.
该分录确立机器的初始成本,为后续折旧和减值测试提供基础。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Depreciation entry for 2018(2018折旧分录)

Explanation(解释)
Straight-line depreciation is recorded as an expense with a corresponding increase in accumulated depreciation.
直线折旧法下,折旧费用计入当期损益,同时增加“累计折旧”。

Example(例子)
31 Dec 2018 Depreciation expense for 2018
Dr Depreciation Expense (210,000 ÷ 7) 30,000
Cr Accumulated Depreciation 30,000

Extension(拓展)
Accumulated depreciation is a contra-asset that reduces the machine’s carrying amount without changing its historical cost.
累计折旧是资产备抵科目,在不改变历史成本的情况下减少资产账面价值。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Carrying amount reconciliation(账面价值的推导)

Explanation(解释)
Carrying amount at year-end equals cost minus accumulated depreciation.
年末账面价值 = 成本 − 累计折旧。

Example(例子)
210,000 − 30,000 = 180,000 (carrying amount at 31 Dec 2018).
210,000 − 30,000 = 180,000,为2018年12月31日的账面价值。

Extension(拓展)
This carrying amount is then compared with the recoverable amount to determine whether impairment exists.
该账面价值随后与可收回金额比较,以判断是否发生减值。


Summary(总结)
示例2首先通过购置分录和折旧分录确定机器的期末账面价值,为减值测试做好准备。
Example 2 shows how acquisition and depreciation entries build the carrying amount used for impairment testing.


Slide 14 — Example 2: Impairment & New Depreciation(第14页——示例2:减值与新的折旧)

Knowledge Points (知识点)

  1. Determining impairment loss(确定减值损失)
  2. Impairment journal entry(减值会计分录)
  3. Depreciation after impairment(减值后的折旧)

🔹Knowledge Point 1 — Determining impairment loss(确定减值损失)

Explanation(解释)
Impairment loss = carrying amount − recoverable amount.
减值损失 = 账面价值 − 可收回金额。

Example(例子)
BV at 31 Dec 2018 = 210,000 − 30,000 = 180,000
Recoverable amount = 144,000
Impairment loss = 180,000 − 144,000 = 36,000

Extension(拓展)
Because the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount, the machine is impaired and must be written down.
由于账面价值高于可收回金额,机器发生减值,需要减记。


🔹Knowledge Point 2 — Impairment entry(减值分录)

Explanation(解释)
Record impairment by debiting impairment loss (expense) and crediting accumulated impairment loss.
通过借记“减值损失”、贷记“累计减值损失”确认减值。

Example(例子)
31 Dec 2018 Impairment loss
Dr Impairment Loss (180,000 − 144,000) 36,000
Cr Accumulated Impairment Loss 36,000

Extension(拓展)
Accumulated impairment loss is a contra-asset separate from accumulated depreciation but with similar reducing effect on carrying amount.
累计减值损失是独立于累计折旧的备抵科目,同样起到减少资产账面价值的作用。


🔹Knowledge Point 3 — Depreciation after impairment(减值后的折旧)

Explanation(解释)
Future depreciation is based on the new carrying amount (recoverable amount) over the remaining useful life.
未来折旧基于新的账面价值(可收回金额),在剩余使用年限内系统分摊。

Example(例子)
New carrying amount after impairment = 144,000
Remaining life = 6 years
Annual depreciation = 144,000 ÷ 6 = 24,000

31 Dec 2019 Depreciation expense for 2019
Dr Depreciation Expense 24,000
Cr Accumulated Depreciation 24,000

Extension(拓展)
This lower depreciation charge reflects the fact that part of the asset’s value has already been expensed as impairment.
较低的折旧费用反映出资产价值的一部分已经通过减值损失在前期费用化。


Summary(总结)
示例2完整展示了:先计算并确认减值损失,再以新的账面价值重新计算后续折旧。
Example 2 fully illustrates how to compute and record impairment, then base future depreciation on the revised carrying amount.