消费者与生产者剩余（Consumer and Producer Surplus）
- Consumer surplus. 消费者剩余
- Producer surplus. 生产者剩余
- Willingness to pay. 支付意愿
- Willingness to accept. 接受意愿
- Marginal benefit. 边际收益
- Marginal cost. 边际成本
- Market equilibrium. 市场均衡
- Demand curve. 需求曲线
- Supply curve. 供给曲线
市场效率与失灵（Market Efficiency and Failure）
- Economic efficiency. 经济效率
- Competitive market. 竞争市场
- Equilibrium price. 均衡价格
- Equilibrium quantity. 均衡数量
- Deadweight loss. 无谓损失
- Price control. 价格管制
- Price ceiling. 价格上限
- Price floor. 价格下限
- Market failure. 市场失灵
- Externalities. 外部性
税收与补贴（Taxes and Subsidies）
- Tax incidence. 税收归宿
- Per-unit tax. 单位税
- Ad valorem tax. 从价税
- Tax burden. 税收负担
- Subsidy. 补贴
- Government intervention. 政府干预
市场供需与均衡（Market Supply, Demand, and Equilibrium）
- Law of demand. 需求法则
- Law of supply. 供给法则
- Quantity demanded. 需求量
- Quantity supplied. 供给量
- Shortage. 短缺
- Surplus. 过剩
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