税收与市场影响（Taxation and Market Effects）
- Tax incidence. 税收归宿
- Excise tax. 消费税
- Deadweight loss. 无谓损失
- Tax burden. 税收负担
- Equilibrium price. 均衡价格
- Equilibrium quantity. 均衡数量
- Elasticity of demand. 需求弹性
- Elasticity of supply. 供给弹性
税收政策（Tax Policy）
- Sales tax. 销售税
- Government revenue. 政府收入
- Tax efficiency. 税收效率
- Excess burden. 额外负担
- Market distortion. 市场扭曲
- Tax shift. 税收转嫁
- Progressive tax. 累进税
- Regressive tax. 递减税
供需与价格机制（Supply, Demand, and Pricing Mechanism）
- Supply curve. 供给曲线
- Demand curve. 需求曲线
- Price control. 价格管制
- Rent control. 租金管制
- Price ceiling. 价格上限
- Price floor. 价格下限
- Shortage. 短缺
- Surplus. 过剩
- Subsidy. 补贴
市场行为与政府干预（Market Behavior and Government Intervention）
- Black market. 黑市
- Market failure. 市场失灵
- Public goods. 公共物品
- Externality. 外部性
- Welfare loss. 福利损失
- Government intervention. 政府干预
- Economic efficiency. 经济效率