经济学基础(Economic Basics)
- Absolute advantage. 绝对优势
- Comparative advantage. 比较优势
- Opportunity cost. 机会成本
- Marginal cost. 边际成本
- Elasticity. 弹性
- Consumer surplus. 消费者剩余
- Producer surplus. 生产者剩余
- Sunk costs. 沉没成本
- Implicit cost. 隐性成本
- Explicit cost. 显性成本
行为经济学(Behavioral Economics)
- Bounded rationality. 有限理性
- Heuristics. 启发式方法
- Endowment effect. 禀赋效应
- Status quo bias. 现状偏误
- Loss aversion. 损失厌恶
- Prospect theory. 前景理论
- Default option. 默认选项
- Time inconsistency. 时间不一致性
- Framing effect. 框架效应
市场与价格(Market and Price)
- Price ceiling. 价格上限
- Price floor. 价格下限
- Perfect competition. 完全竞争
- Monopoly. 垄断
- Oligopoly. 寡头市场
- Cartel. 卡特尔
- Price discrimination. 价格歧视
- Network externality. 网络外部性
- Public goods. 公共物品
- Private goods. 私人物品
成本与收益(Cost and Benefit)
- Fixed cost. 固定成本
- Variable cost. 变动成本
- Total cost. 总成本
- Marginal benefit. 边际收益
- Diminishing returns. 递减收益
- Economies of scale. 规模经济
- Diseconomies of scale. 规模不经济
- Total revenue. 总收入
- Average cost. 平均成本
宏观经济学(Macroeconomics)
- Gross domestic product (GDP). 国内生产总值
- Inflation. 通货膨胀
- Unemployment. 失业
- Fiscal policy. 财政政策
- Monetary policy. 货币政策
- Interest rates. 利率
- Central bank. 中央银行
- Exchange rates. 汇率
国际贸易(International Trade)
- Trade barriers. 贸易壁垒
- Tariffs. 关税
- Quotas. 配额
- Free trade. 自由贸易
- Balance of trade. 贸易平衡
- Trade deficit. 贸易逆差
- Trade surplus. 贸易顺差
- Foreign exchange market. 外汇市场
消费者行为(Consumer Behavior)
- Utility. 效用
- Diminishing marginal utility. 边际效用递减
- Consumer choice theory. 消费者选择理论
- Budget constraint. 预算约束
- Indifference curve. 无差异曲线
- Substitution effect. 替代效应
- Income effect. 收入效应
- Behavioral biases. 行为偏差
经济学模型与理论(Economic Models and Theories)
- Marginal analysis. 边际分析
- Cost-benefit analysis. 成本效益分析
- Rational choice theory. 理性选择理论
- Game theory. 博弈理论
- The invisible hand. 看不见的手
- Supply and demand curve. 供需曲线
- Production possibilities frontier. 生产可能性边界
- Law of demand. 需求法则
- Law of supply. 供给法则