完全竞争市场(Perfectly Competitive Market)
- Perfect competition. 完全竞争
- Price taker. 价格接受者
- Identical products. 同质产品
- Free entry and exit. 自由进入与退出
- Infinite buyers and sellers. 无限的买方与卖方
- Perfect information. 完全信息
利润最大化原则(Profit Maximization Principles)
- Marginal revenue (MR). 边际收益
- Marginal cost (MC). 边际成本
- Profit maximization. 利润最大化
- MR = MC rule. MR 等于 MC 原则
- Output level. 产量水平
- Economic profit. 经济利润
- Normal profit. 正常利润
- Total cost (TC). 总成本
- Total revenue (TR). 总收入
- Average total cost (ATC). 平均总成本
- Average variable cost (AVC). 平均可变成本
企业行为与决策(Firm Behavior and Decision-making)
- Shutdown point. 停产点
- Break-even point. 盈亏平衡点
- Increasing marginal cost. 边际成本递增
- Diminishing returns. 边际报酬递减
- Production efficiency. 生产效率
- Cost minimization. 成本最小化
市场机制与效率(Market Mechanism and Efficiency)
- Market equilibrium. 市场均衡
- Resource allocation. 资源配置
- Productive efficiency. 生产效率
- Allocative efficiency. 配置效率
- Consumer surplus. 消费者剩余
- Producer surplus. 生产者剩余