经济学基础(Economic Basics)
- Market mechanism. 市场机制
- Centrally-planned system. 中央计划经济体系
- Self-interest. 自我利益
- Supply and demand. 供需
- Flexible prices. 灵活的价格
- Invisible hand. 看不见的手
市场供需力量(Market Forces of Supply and Demand)
- Demand. 需求
- Supply. 供给
- Market equilibrium. 市场均衡
- Quantity demanded. 需求量
- Quantity supplied. 供给量
- Law of demand. 需求定律
- Law of supply. 供给定律
- Substitution effect. 替代效应
- Income effect. 收入效应
- Ceteris paribus. 其他条件不变
- Normal goods. 正常商品
- Inferior goods. 劣等商品
- Complements. 互补品
- Substitutes. 替代品
- Expected future prices. 预期未来价格
- Demand curve. 需求曲线
- Supply curve. 供给曲线
- Market surplus. 市场盈余
- Market shortage. 市场短缺
影响需求的变量(Variables Affecting Demand)
- Tastes. 消费者偏好
- Population and demographics. 人口与人口统计特征
- Advertising. 广告
- Consumer income. 消费者收入
- Price of related goods. 相关商品的价格
影响供给的变量(Variables Affecting Supply)
- Prices of inputs. 投入品价格
- Technological change. 技术变革
- Number of firms. 企业数量
- Substitutes in production. 生产中的替代品
- Complements in production. 生产中的互补品
供给与需求的变化(Changes in Supply and Demand)
- Shift in demand curve. 需求曲线的移动
- Shift in supply curve. 供给曲线的移动
- Movement along the demand curve. 沿需求曲线的移动
- Movement along the supply curve. 沿供给曲线的移动
- Increase in demand. 需求增加
- Decrease in demand. 需求减少
- Increase in supply. 供给增加
- Decrease in supply. 供给减少
市场均衡与价格(Market Equilibrium and Price)
- Equilibrium price. 均衡价格
- Equilibrium quantity. 均衡数量
- Price floor. 最低价格
- Price ceiling. 最高价格
- Market adjustment. 市场调整
- Excess demand. 超额需求
- Excess supply. 超额供给
微观经济学基础(Microeconomic Basics)
- Marginal cost. 边际成本
- Marginal revenue. 边际收益
- Opportunity cost. 机会成本
- Utility. 效用
- Elasticity. 弹性
- Price elasticity of demand. 需求的价格弹性
- Price elasticity of supply. 供给的价格弹性
- Cross-price elasticity. 交叉价格弹性
- Income elasticity of demand. 需求的收入弹性
消费者行为(Consumer Behavior)
- Budget constraint. 预算约束
- Indifference curve. 无差异曲线
- Marginal utility. 边际效用
- Consumer equilibrium. 消费者均衡
- Substitution effect. 替代效应
- Income effect. 收入效应
- Giffen goods. 吉芬商品
- Veblen goods. 凡勃伦商品
生产者行为(Producer Behavior)
- Production function. 生产函数
- Total product. 总产量
- Marginal product. 边际产量
- Average product. 平均产量
- Fixed costs. 固定成本
- Variable costs. 可变成本
- Total cost. 总成本
- Average cost. 平均成本
- Marginal cost. 边际成本
- Economies of scale. 规模经济
- Diseconomies of scale. 规模不经济
市场结构(Market Structures)
- Perfect competition. 完全竞争
- Monopoly. 垄断
- Oligopoly. 寡头垄断
- Monopolistic competition. 垄断竞争
- Price discrimination. 价格歧视
- Barriers to entry. 进入壁垒
- Market power. 市场力量
- Cartel. 卡特尔
- Game theory. 博弈论
- Nash equilibrium. 纳什均衡
政府干预与市场失灵(Government Intervention and Market Failure)
- Externalities. 外部性
- Positive externality. 正外部性
- Negative externality. 负外部性
- Public goods. 公共物品
- Free rider problem. 搭便车问题
- Tragedy of the commons. 公地悲剧
- Pigouvian tax. 庇古税
- Subsidy. 补贴
- Regulation. 管制
- Market failure. 市场失灵
宏观经济学基础(Macroeconomic Basics)
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 国内生产总值
- Inflation. 通货膨胀
- Unemployment. 失业
- Fiscal policy. 财政政策
- Monetary policy. 货币政策
- Aggregate demand. 总需求
- Aggregate supply. 总供给
- Business cycle. 经济周期
- Recession. 衰退
- Expansion. 扩张
国际贸易与金融(International Trade and Finance)
- Comparative advantage. 比较优势
- Absolute advantage. 绝对优势
- Trade deficit. 贸易逆差
- Trade surplus. 贸易顺差
- Exchange rate. 汇率
- Balance of payments. 国际收支
- Tariff. 关税
- Quota. 配额
- Free trade. 自由贸易
- Protectionism. 保护主义
经济增长与发展(Economic Growth and Development)
- Human capital. 人力资本
- Physical capital. 物质资本
- Technological progress. 技术进步
- Sustainable development. 可持续发展
- Poverty. 贫困
- Income inequality. 收入不平等
- Gini coefficient. 基尼系数
- Development economics. 发展经济学
- Convergence hypothesis. 趋同假说
- Solow growth model. 索洛增长模型
金融市场与投资(Financial Markets and Investment)
- Stock market. 股票市场
- Bond market. 债券市场
- Interest rate. 利率
- Risk and return. 风险与收益
- Diversification. 分散投资
- Portfolio. 投资组合
- Capital asset pricing model (CAPM). 资本资产定价模型
- Efficient market hypothesis. 有效市场假说
- Behavioral finance. 行为金融学
- Hedge fund. 对冲基金
货币与银行(Money and Banking)
- Central bank. 中央银行
- Money supply. 货币供给
- Inflation targeting. 通货膨胀目标制
- Quantitative easing. 量化宽松
- Fractional reserve banking. 部分准备金银行制度
- Liquidity. 流动性
- Financial intermediation. 金融中介
- Credit crunch. 信贷紧缩
- Bank run. 银行挤兑
- Monetary base. 基础货币