经济学基础 (Economic Basics)
- Market equilibrium. 市场均衡
- Surplus. 过剩
- Shortage. 短缺
- Supply curve. 供给曲线
- Demand curve. 需求曲线
- Price elasticity. 价格弹性
- Total revenue. 总收入
- Consumer preferences. 消费者偏好
- Competitive market. 竞争性市场
- Technological change. 技术变化
需求与供给 (Demand and Supply)
- Demand shift. 需求曲线的变化
- Supply shift. 供给曲线的变化
- Substitute goods. 替代品
- Complementary goods. 互补品
- Normal good. 正常商品
- Inferior good. 劣质商品
- Equilibrium price. 均衡价格
- Equilibrium quantity. 均衡数量
- Quantity demanded. 需求量
- Quantity supplied. 供给量
市场分析 (Market Analysis)
- Price increase. 价格上涨
- Price decrease. 价格下降
- Elastic demand. 弹性需求
- Inelastic demand. 无弹性需求
- External factors. 外部因素
- Government intervention. 政府干预
- Subsidy. 补贴
- Taxation. 税收
- Regulation. 监管
生产与成本 (Production and Costs)
- Production efficiency. 生产效率
- Opportunity cost. 机会成本
- Marginal cost. 边际成本
- Fixed cost. 固定成本
- Variable cost. 可变成本
- Total cost. 总成本
- Marginal benefit. 边际效益
- Economies of scale. 规模经济
市场类型 (Market Types)
- Perfect competition. 完全竞争
- Monopoly. 垄断
- Oligopoly. 寡头垄断
- Monopolistic competition. 垄断竞争
- Market structure. 市场结构
- Barriers to entry. 市场准入障碍
- Price taker. 价格接受者
- Price maker. 价格制定者
经济理论 (Economic Theories)
- Classical economics. 古典经济学
- Keynesian economics. 凯恩斯经济学
- Supply-side economics. 供给侧经济学
- Demand-side economics. 需求侧经济学
- Market failure. 市场失败
- Public goods. 公共物品
- Externalities. 外部性
- Free market. 自由市场
消费与生产者行为 (Consumer and Producer Behavior)
- Utility. 效用
- Marginal utility. 边际效用
- Consumer surplus. 消费者剩余
- Producer surplus. 生产者剩余
- Indifference curve. 无差异曲线
- Budget constraint. 预算约束
- Price discrimination. 价格歧视
- Monopolistic behavior. 垄断行为